Phad Painting : A Scroll Painting where Visual Art Blends with Performence

Phad painting, an ancient art form dating back 700 years, originates from Shahpura, near Bhilwara, Rajasthan. This traditional scroll painting uniquely blends visual art with performance, narrating the sacred tales of local deities through intricate and colorful illustrations. The Joshi family, belonging to the Chipa caste of Rajasthan, has been the sole custodian of this vibrant tradition, ensuring its legacy continues uninterrupted for centuries.

The essence of Phad lies not only in its visual appeal but also in its dynamic storytelling. The paintings are not mere static images; they come alive through the performances of Bhopa, the priest-singers, and their wives, Bhopi. These performances are accompanied by the hauntingly beautiful strains of the Ravanhatta, an ancient bowed instrument. As dusk falls, these portable temples are unfurled, and the tales of deities such as Devnarayanji, a reincarnation of Vishnu, and the valiant local hero Pabuji, are narrated, captivating audiences throughout the night.

A part of pabuji ka phad as displayed in the National Museum, New Delhi 

Each Phad painting is a masterpiece, meticulously crafted to detail every aspect of the stories they depict. The process begins with the preparation of the canvas, traditionally made from a hand-woven cloth treated with a special mixture of starch and other natural ingredients to create a smooth surface. The artist then sketches the outline of the painting using a fine brush dipped in organic pigments. These outlines are subsequently filled with vibrant colors derived from natural sources, including minerals and plants.

One particularly renowned Phad painting illustrates the epic love story of Nala, the ruler of Nishada, and Damayanthi, the princess of Vidarbha, from the Mahabharata. This narrative is depicted with exquisite detail, capturing the various episodes of their journey, trials, and eventual reunion. The intricate details and vibrant colors of the painting, combined with the evocative performances, create an immersive experience that transcends time and space.

The creation of a Phad painting is not a solitary endeavor but a collaborative effort involving multiple generations of the Joshi family. Each member plays a distinct role in the process, from preparing the canvas to mixing the colors and painting the intricate details. This collaborative spirit is a testament to the family’s dedication to preserving the tradition and ensuring that each painting is a true reflection of their rich cultural heritage.

The performance aspect of Phad painting is equally important. Bhopa and Bhopi are not merely performers; they are the living conduits of the stories embedded in the paintings. Their performances are a blend of song, dance, and narration, each element carefully choreographed to bring the stories to life. The Ravanhatta, with its soulful melodies, adds a unique dimension to the performances, enhancing the emotional impact of the narratives.

A part of the Phad painting from the collection of the MAP, Bangalore

Historically, Phad performances were community events, held during festivals and special occasions. The paintings were unfurled after sunset, and the performances would last throughout the night, creating a magical atmosphere under the starlit sky. The audience, comprising villagers of all ages, would gather around, mesmerized by the tales of heroism, devotion, and love depicted in the paintings. These performances were not only a source of entertainment but also a means of imparting moral and spiritual lessons to the community.

In present-day Rajasthan, the tradition of Phad painting and storytelling continues to thrive in some villages. However, the art form has also transcended regional boundaries and gained global recognition, thanks to the efforts of the Joshi family. Shree Lal Joshi, a prominent figure in the revival and promotion of Phad painting, established the Joshi Kala Kendra in 1960, a center dedicated to training young artists and preserving this unique art form. His efforts have ensured that Phad painting is not only preserved but also adapted to contemporary times.

Today, Phad paintings can be found adorning the walls of art galleries and private collections around the world. The traditional themes have expanded to include contemporary subjects, making the art form relevant to modern audiences. The intricate designs and vibrant colors of Phad paintings continue to captivate art lovers, while the performances by Bhopa and Bhopi remain a powerful medium of storytelling.

The process of creating a Phad painting has also evolved with time. While traditional methods and materials are still preferred, some artists have begun experimenting with modern techniques and mediums. This fusion of old and new has given rise to a contemporary style of Phad painting that retains the essence of the traditional art form while appealing to modern sensibilities.

One of the significant contributions of the Joshi family to the art of Phad painting is the introduction of formal training programs. These programs are designed to impart not only the technical skills required to create Phad paintings but also the cultural and historical knowledge that underpins the art form. Students are taught the significance of each motif and color used in the paintings, as well as the traditional stories that are depicted. This holistic approach ensures that the art form is passed down in its entirety, preserving its authenticity for future generations.

The global recognition of Phad painting has also opened up new opportunities for artists. Exhibitions and workshops are regularly held in various parts of the world, providing a platform for artists to showcase their work and interact with international audiences. These events have played a crucial role in promoting Phad painting and expanding its reach beyond the borders of Rajasthan.

A contemporary Phad painting by artist Ashwini Murthy

The evolution of Phad painting reflects the resilience and adaptability of the art form. Despite the challenges posed by modernity, the Joshi family and the broader community of Phad artists have managed to keep the tradition alive and relevant. Their efforts have not only preserved a vital aspect of Rajasthan’s cultural heritage but also ensured that it continues to inspire and enchant people around the world.

In conclusion, Phad painting is more than just an art form; it is a living tradition that embodies the cultural and spiritual heritage of Rajasthan. The Joshi family’s dedication to preserving and promoting this unique blend of visual and performance art has ensured that it remains a vibrant and integral part of the region’s cultural landscape. As Phad painting continues to evolve and adapt to contemporary times, it stands as a testament to the enduring power of traditional art forms to connect us to our past while enriching our present and future.